Which tax is designed to fund retirement benefits for currently retired individuals?

The correct choice is Social Security because this tax specifically serves to provide retirement benefits to individuals who are currently retired. Social Security taxes are collected from the earnings of workers and are allocated to a trust fund that pays benefits to retirees, the disabled, and survivors of deceased workers. This system is based on contributions made over an individual’s working life, and it's designed to ensure a safety net for older Americans once they retire.

Income tax, while also a significant source of government revenue, is used for a wide variety of programs and services, including but not limited to education, infrastructure, and public safety, rather than specifically funding retirement benefits. Sales tax is levied on the sale of goods and services and supports state and local budgets, but does not directly provide for retirement benefits. Property tax generally funds local services like schools and public infrastructure and is not tied to retirement benefits for individuals. Thus, Social Security is distinct in that it specifically addresses the retirement needs of individuals.