What is the role of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)?

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) serves as a crucial regulatory authority in the U.S. financial markets, and its primary role is to oversee the securities industry, which encompasses stocks, bonds, and various other investment products. One of its main objectives is to protect investors by ensuring transparent and fair practices within the marketplace. This involves enforcing federal securities laws and imposing rules that govern the trading of securities to safeguard against fraud and market manipulation.

Additionally, the SEC requires companies to disclose pertinent financial information and material facts, promoting informed investment decisions by the public. This transparency is vital for maintaining investor confidence and the integrity of the financial system as a whole. The agency also oversees mutual funds and investment advisors, helping to ensure that the interests of investors are always considered and prioritized.

These responsibilities highlight why the correct answer directly addresses the SEC's role as a government agency dedicated to regulating the securities industry and protecting investors. In contrast, options that describe a private organization, an advisory board, or a tax compliance authority do not align with the SEC's established functions and mandate.